illustration from the DNT Yearbook (1938) |
In Norway, the "right to roam" is a traditional right that has existed since ancient times. In 1957 it was formalized into law as part of the Outdoor Recreation Act. The law is known as allemannsretten and it states: "Any person is entitled to access to and passage through uncultivated land at all times of year, provided that consideration and due care is shown."
So what does that mean?
- You may walk pretty much anywhere you like except private agricultural land.
- You can pitch a tent for the night anywhere in the countryside, mountains, or forest as long as you are at least 150 meters away from the nearest inhabited dwelling. This includes private land.
- "Cultivated land" - where allemannsretten does not apply - includes plowed fields with or without crops, pastures, gardens, and industrial areas.
- However, the law even grants free roaming access in many of those areas between October 15th and April 30th (when the ground is usually frozen and/or covered by snow).
- You also have the right to swim or boat in any lake, river, or stretch of ocean.
- You can even pick berries, mushrooms, and wildflowers on others' property!
Lots of European countries have "right to roam" laws, but Norway's is definitely one of the most aggressive in granting liberties to trekkers. I think Norway's right to roam is really great, especially with all the backpacking I'm doing. It definitely makes things easier - I don't have to worry about where I'm camping or make long detours to avoid private land. In Norway, the ability to experience nature is held in such high regard that most people consider the additional freedoms as common sense policy.
However, I can't imagine such a law existing in the United States where land ownership is such a big deal. In the U.S. you legally have the right to "exclude others" from your private property - hence no trespassing signs. I think the average American would be pretty upset/spooked to find someone camping 150 meters from their home...
Allemannsretten = every man's right
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